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Classic utilitarians such as Bentham (1789), Mill (1861), and Sidgwick (1907) interpreted utility as a measure of pleasure or happiness.
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Contemporary decision theorists typically interpret utility as a measure of preference, so that to say that $A$ has greater utility than $B$ (for an agent) is simply to say that the agent prefers $A$ to $B$.
Yet, the vast majority of prior work has focused on topics like mathematical functions (concave or otherwise) of network metrics, information entropy, or user-perceived quality (e.g., MOS) for interpreting utility.
Given that the disutility associated with cardiovascular events is likely to vary depending on the duration of time since the event, it is difficult to interpret utility values without this information.
Those who interpret utilities in terms of personal preference face a special challenge: the so-called problem of interpersonal utility comparisons.
Broome (1991) interprets utilities as measuring comparisons of objective betterness and worseness, rather than personal preferences: to say that $A$ has a greater utility than $B$ is to say that $A$ is objectively better than $B$.
Although the Justice Department recently said it would continue the suits, which were initiated under the Clinton administration, environmental groups said Mrs. Whitman's statements would be interpreted by utilities as a signal that they could ignore her agency's efforts to enforce the Clean Air Act.
In fact one can only interpret relative utility differences between scenarios.
Nevertheless, caution is required when interpreting these utility values since there is no large trial to confirm and validate the health states descriptors.
17 The students were asked to state probability p* that indicates indifference between the two alternatives A and B. We then used p* to interpret the utility level of the current state of health.
8, 12, 13 Trial sequential analysis represents one of several new developments in interpreting the utility of existing meta-analyses and other forms of evidence for clinical and policy decision-making.
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