Instead, the increase in variable pay consists of an increase in the weight put on the measurable random factor which the author interprets as reward for luck.12 The equilibrium effort level can increase or decrease depending on whether the marginal increase of the manager's expected variable pay caused by an increase in the pay-performance sensitivity exceeds the marginal risk premium or not.
The election results were widely interpreted as a reward for good governance.
The income contribution of alpine grazing can also be interpreted as the reward for the provision of public goods which are directly or indirectly linked to alpine grazing.
Such activity could be interpreted as the reward predictive value of the representation of the rat's planned action at that choice point.
However, as physicians working in medical school hospitals are obliged to teach even if they do not like this part of their job, exemption from teaching duties based on negative evaluations may even be interpreted as a reward.
The vocalization, described as a distinct "chirping", has been likened to laughter, and is interpreted as an expectation of something rewarding.
These results have been interpreted as the representation of reward prediction error in instrumental tasks (Morris et al., 2006; Roesch et al., 2007; Totah et al., 2013) (specifically, the Q-associated temporal difference prediction error, where Q-value is the value of selecting a particular action at a given state).
The state-reward assigned to each state of the model is interpreted as the rate at which rewards are accumulated in that state, i.e. if t time units are spent in a state with state-reward r, the accumulated reward in that state is r × t.
Dopamine signals are closely related to a quantity in reinforcement learning known as δ, that can be interpreted as the difference between the received reward and the expected reward.
Further, we also demonstrate in a single experiment that adolescents may show a negative-going response in VS during reward cue assessment, then overactivate VS later during response preparation compared with adults, suggesting persistent immaturities in a key node of the adolescent reward system that could be interpreted as reflecting both an under and overactive reward system.
