What perhaps remains of the distinction is a rough categorization of the various interpretations of freedom that serves to indicate their degree of fit with the classical liberal tradition.
Indeed, in MacCallum's view, there are a great many different possible interpretations of freedom, and it is only Berlin's artificial dichotomy that has led us to think in terms of there being two.
The Nation's interpretation of freedom of the press seems to us wobbly, & we hold to the divine right of anybody to cancel a subscription.
The president discussed everything from his own rigid interpretation of freedom of speech to his boyhood dream to become a cold war spy.
But she added: "If we were to see that freedom of movement has, as a consequence, that everyone who is seeking a job in Europe has the possibility to come to Germany and will receive an equal amount of social benefits as someone who for a long time has been unemployed in Germany after 30, 40 years work – that would not be the interpretation of freedom of movement I would have.
The "classical liberal case against the law is stronger," he writes, "than the religious one":A robust interpretation of freedom of association blocks the contraceptive mandate, not just for religious organisations, however defined, but for every group, regardless of its purposes or members.
This interpretation of freedom remained, however, what Berlin would call a negative one.
Justice Felix Frankfurter, dissenting in a 1943 decision that struck down a law requiring students to salute the flag, reminded his colleagues that he was, as a Jew, a member of "the most vilified and persecuted minority in history" and thus likely to be sympathetic to a broad interpretation of freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution.
For the current exhibition, the association invited cartoonists from Mediterranean countries to show their interpretations of postrevolution freedom of expression, feminism, political upheavals and impasses.
If the court allows for as expansive interpretations of religious freedom as the anti-ACA plaintiffs have argued, expect to see more of these laws proposed and passed in the states.
But that turned on an interpretation of the Freedom of Information Act, not on a question of constitutional power.
