Most of the horses affected by vertebral problems keep on working, as discomfort / potential pain is generally underestimated through lack of direct measurements and owners' personal interpretations of behaviour they assume to reflect discomfort or pain [6].
We argued that frames not only inform strategies for resolving disputes but also influence interpretations of behaviour through the role-taking process.
Even though our analysis is based on just one city, this study provides a general foundation for investigating how cultural frames shape interpretations of behaviour.
These approaches (a) promoted parental awareness of the child, interpretation of child behaviours, and responsiveness to the child, (b) provided support to the parent including advice, anticipatory guidance, and/or emotional support, (c) increased parental awareness of their influence on their child, or (d) promoted parental well-being through decreased stress.
Another aspect that may have confused the interpretation of pain behaviours, especially in relation to assessments requiring the evaluator to interact with the horse, was the time allowed for each horse to acclimatise to the stable, and to the investigator who interacted with the horses.
The interpretation of behaviour may also depend on other factors as well.
The statement claims: "Psychiatric diagnosis is often presented as an objective statement of fact, but is, in essence, a clinical judgment based on observation and interpretation of behaviour and self-report, and thus subject to variation and bias".
So, if I am wondering whether I am a toxic person, I need to ask myself: "What does toxicity look like to me?" Making any interpretation of behaviour means, by virtue of being a human being with a wildly complex brain, automatically bringing ourselves into the equation.
The statement claims: "Psychiatric diagnosis is often presented as an objective statement of fact, but is, in essence, a clinical judgment based on observation and interpretation of behaviour and self-report, and thus subject to variation and bias". The language may be arcane, but the implication is clear.
Studies have indicated that mechanisms of stereotyping can affect a physician's treatment-related decision-making [ 7], because stereotyping can affect the interpretation of behaviour, symptoms, and diagnosis of patients.
