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Potential for recall bias and variation between individuals' interpretation of pain rating scales should also be considered when interpreting self-report data [ 56, 57].
Interpretation of pain curves as "survival pain curves" allowed application of statistical methods usual in cancer research.
We describe the use of multiple endpoints in the design, analysis, and interpretation of pain clinical trials, and review available strategies and methods for addressing multiplicity.
They also were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 conditions in the Ambiguous Scenarios Task, in which they were trained to have either a threatening interpretation of pain (pain bias condition) or a nonthreatening interpretation of pain (no pain bias condition).
COMT is a key regulator in the degradation of catecholamines and individual differences in the activity of the enzyme have been shown to influence the interpretation of pain and negative environmental stimuli [9], [25].
Catastrophizing refers to an exaggerated negative interpretation of pain and health problems in general [ 19].
Similar(44)
42 In the articles we included there were several interpretations of pain as an unfavourable outcome.
As an example of the current confusion, depending upon the different interpretations of pain mechanisms in CP, several authors advocate endoscopic interventions, i.e., stenting of the common bile duct or the main pancreatic duct or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of pancreatic stones, whereas others deny this approach[ 12, 28, 50- 52].
- Physical therapy sessions including exercise and mobilization; their description; PIEM appearance and patients' reactions and ways of expressing this pain; effects on the patient and their interpretation of this pain; and adjustments made in response to pain.
Patients with chronic pelvic and perineal pain sometimes report major complaints with no objective value that help to "validate" this pain other than by the patient's own interpretation of the pain.
Therefore the causation for termination of the test and thus the relationship between pain and extensibility, evident only in men, is probably mediated by behavioural interpretation of the pain elicited during stretch.
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