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Nonetheless, the interpretation of a valence judgment is still unclear.
Regardless of how the valence scale is labeled, the interpretation of a valence judgment can be ambiguous, as the perceived valence of a word may be either a judgment of the emotional experience encoded by the word (i.e., from the perspective of the experiencer) or an attitude toward the encoded emotion (i.e., from the perspective of a reporter).
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A full discussion of the determination and interpretation of valence maps in amorphous systems can be found there.
The concept of bond ionicity, obtained via a valence bond analysis, is invoked in the interpretation of the catalytic activity of supported vanadium oxides, in analogy with previous work conducted within the framework of conceptual DFT.
The valence-shell electron configuration of carbon is 2s22px12py1, which suggests that it can form only two bonds to hydrogen atoms, in which case carbon would have a valence of 2. The normal valence of carbon is 4, however.
Berkelium, along with a valence of +3, also shows the valence of +4, more stable than that of curium; the valence 4 is observed in solid fluoride and dioxide.
Sodium chloride has a valence of 1 and a molecular weight of 58.443.
A customary approach is to choose bond valence parameters that fit the spectroscopic single bond length for a valence of 1.0 and half the X··· X distance of a symmetric hydrogen bond for a valence of 0.5.
Uranium (U) is a valence-variable element, with a valence of + 4 under reducing conditions.
Each picture was combined with a word or short phrase, which provided a potential positive or negative interpretation of the picture (e.g. a picture of a street full of shoppers accompanied by the word 'lively' for a positive valence or by the word 'intimidating' for a negative valence).
Every previous pnictogen has five electrons in its valence shell, forming a valence electron configuration of ns2np3.
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