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Vagueness and ambiguity can lead respondents to interpret items in variable ways [ 17].
Similarly, construct validation of measures against external criteria cannot be achieved if raters can reasonably interpret items in idiosyncratic ways.
Participants were also asked to interpret items in their own words and to make suggestions for potential revisions.
It was decided only to interpret items with loadings of.30 or higher because these are probably important and reliable [ 18].
This process will help ensure that the assessment guides are valid and that multiple respondents interpret items in the same way.
It is essential that these issues are investigated as if participants interpret items in different ways from each other, comparison between respondents will be flawed.
Similar(52)
Different carriers will interpret item numbers differently.
We only interpreted items with loadings greater than.32, which is in line with recommendations of Comrey and Lee (1992).
Furthermore, the inter-observer agreement (first versus second reviewer) was calculated for both assessments to study whether reviewers interpreted items differently.
As part of the cultural adaptation process, in-depth interviews were implemented about the respondents understanding of the questionnaire with the purpose of revealing inappropriately interpreted items and translation alternatives.
These results suggest adolescents may be interpreting items assessing NSSI/DSH differently than what the researchers intend and call into question to actual validity of self-report assessments of self-injury within adolescents.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com