From 1908 to 1913 he studied the patterns of records of normal heart activity in order to gain precision in recognizing and interpreting deviations.
The statistical properties of gene distributions and gene spacings have been studied to detect deviations from randomness and interpret these deviations in a suitable evolutionary context.
Like the study by Fisher and Ford (1947), most empirical studies interpret all deviations away from strictly the neutral expectation as evidence of natural selection without addressing the issue of agency.
Our framework provides a new way to interpret these deviations from optimality: not simply as poor performance, but rather as different, hazard-dependent set-points of an inherent trade-off.
We interpret these deviations from the long-term turnover rates as likely results of inaccuracies in the estimate of the divergence time of these branches or missing data from incomplete genome assemblies (see Discussion).
We interpret the deviation from the power law scaling behavior of the energy, the magnetic susceptibility and the correlation length observed in Fig. 5 at ξ ≈ 16.6 (and weakly already at ξ ≈ 12.1 ) to be a consequence of the correlation between the slow mode and the observables.
These 'wobbles' can be interpreted as deviations from the expected adiabatic dynamics, e.g. jumping over an avoided crossing between highly excited cavity states.
In specifications (5) and (6) income is best interpreted as deviation within blue/white collar status.
Thus, d' can be interpreted as deviation of the actual interaction frequencies from a null model which assumes that all partners are used in proportion to their availability.
We use this lens to interpret the incremental deviation of Toyota from the lean system it pioneered and perfected over its company's history.
