Face-to-face PST, face-to-face interpersonal psychotherapy, face-to-face psychodynamic therapy, and remote therapist-lead PST were not different from usual care or placebo, but the last two treatments have been investigated in very few patients.
But emojis don't create interpersonal, face-to-face fluency.
If empathy arises from experience of interpersonal face-to-face communication, and we are good only at what we rehearse, then empathetic connecting in the real world could be a good analogy for the networking between individual neurons which, when they "fire together" – in Hebb's famous words – "wire together".
Interpersonal (face-to-face, telephone, etc).
Professionals in the 8 levels posited to influence pathways to care in our area (see Figure 1) will be targeted via interpersonal outreach (face-to-face meetings, workshops, and phone calls) and resource materials (print and web-based) followed by a focus on careful detailing of key referral sources identified during initial outreach.
A number of participant characteristics highlighted the economic and interpersonal adversity faced by transgender youth in this sample: 70% had an income of less than $1,000 a month, 43% had a history of homelessness, 52% reported having been in the correctional system, and 49% reported experiencing problems finding employment due to their gender identity or gender presentation.
We found no differences compared to usual care or placebo for four of these (face-to-face psychodynamic therapy, individualized antidepressants, combination of face-to-face PST and SSRI and of face-to-face interpersonal psychotherapy and SSRI).
It should be noted that only very few patients received face-to-face psychodynamic therapy (n = 26), remote therapist-lead PST (n = 33), individualized antidepressants (n = 51), a combination of face-to-face CBT and an SSRI (n = 17), or a combination of face-to-face interpersonal psychotherapy and an SSRI (n = 35).
The results on face-to-face interpersonal psychotherapy are somewhat discouraging showing little to no benefit over usual care unless it is combined with pharmacotherapy.
There were no statistical differences between psychological treatments apart from face-to-face interpersonal psychotherapy being inferior to remote therapist-lead CBT (0.60; 0.60–0.60).
