The literature presented an education paradox for women, where educational attainment can be both a protective factor and contributor to interpersonal violence.
If we think about inadequate and unsafe housing for instance, we can postulate that substandard and unsafe housing conditions can be both a consequence of and a contributor to interpersonal violence.
In South Africa, interpersonal violence is the second highest contributor to years of life lost, after HIV (2).
Interpersonal violence is the second highest contributor to the burden of disease after HIV and AIDS, with intimate partner violence (IPV) accounting for 62.4% of the total burden in women. 1 South Africa's intimate femicide rate is the highest globally.
Both conditions can be associated with anger, irritability, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships, all of which are plausible contributors to IPV perpetration [ 6, 41- 46].
Studies on race-related health care disparities have suggested that patient-provider interactions may be a major contributor to the disparities, thus the interpersonal aspects of the patient-provider relationship may contribute to more pronounced disparities in patients with alcohol and drug disorders [ 5].
The contributors to those problems included executives, managers, interpersonal relationships, business models -- and, yes, unions.
Interpersonal conflict in particular, has been established as one of the strongest contributors to daily stress, and a number of prior studies suggest that the negative effects of interpersonal conflict may be moderated by personality factors.
Others have implicated physicians' interpersonal skills [ 31] and a lack of continuity in care [ 32] as contributors to a lack of trust.
Particularly because the literature has shown that ADHD associated with a negative impact on quality of life is a major contributor to the disorder's adverse peripheral outcomes such as poor academics, interpersonal problems, lack of social skills, and delinquency and substance abuse among adolescents and adults (Barkley, 2006; Belcher, 2014; Hodgson et al., 2014; Rohde & Halpern, 2004).
