Therefore, one may hypothesize that many children who received high scores in the CBCL/4-18 internalizing scale were sub-threshold cases that did not meet DSM-IV criteria for anxiety disorders and were included in the K-SADS-PL non-disordered group, reducing the difference in internalizing T-score means between disordered and non-disordered children.
However, when considering K-SADS-PL final diagnoses, the difference in means of CBCL/4-18 internalizing T-scores between children with one or more affective and/or anxiety disorders and subjects without any of these disorders only reached significance at a marginal level (p =.057) (table 3).
However, it is important to note that in our study, children positive in at least one affective/anxiety screen diagnostic area obtained a significantly higher CBCL/4-18 internalizing T-score mean than children negative in affective/anxiety screen diagnostic areas.
To achieve this, T cell needs to internalize peripheral T cell receptors not engaged by the antigen and then deliver them to the immunological synapse, where they can bind the antigen and become activated.
In addition, the greater the number of affective/anxiety disorders, the higher the CBCL/4-18 internalizing scale T-score (r = 0.30, p =.011), and the greater the number of disruptive disorders, the higher the CBCL/4-18 externalizing scale T-score (r = 0.61, p <.001) (table 4).
Taken together, these findings suggest that, while PEG-HCCs are preferentially internalized by T cells over other splenic immune cells, they do not target a specific subset of T cells.
Based on the maximal levels reached in rat serum by the nanoparticles after a single injection of 2 mg/kg, we incubated rat splenocytes ex vivo with 0.1 μg/mL PEG-HCCs and found that, similar to our in vivo findings, the nanoparticles were detectable inside T cells but not other splenic immune cells (Fig. 1c). Figure 1: PEG-HCCs are preferentially internalized by T lymphocytes.
This result demonstrates that in vivo, PEG-HCCs are preferentially internalized by T cells over other splenic immune cells.
We established that, unlike other nanoparticles that mainly target phagocytic cells17,18,19,20,21, PEG-HCCs are preferentially internalized by T lymphocytes over other immune cells.
Here, we report that nontoxic poly ethylene glycol -functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEglycol -functionalizeders of thydrophilicroxide (O2−) and hydroxyl radicarbonre preferentially internalized by T lymphoclusterser other splenic immune cells.
At higher doses (10 μg/mL), PEG-HCCs were also visualized at the cell membrane (Fig. 2c and larger images in Supplementary Fig. S9). Figure 2: PEG-HCCs are internalized by T lymphocytes via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and do not accumulate inside the cells.
