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Appleyard et al. [ 9] found that the association between maternal support in early childhood and internalizing problems at age 16 was mediated by internalizing problems at school entry.
In our study we were able to show a substantial increase in the amount of internalizing problems in adolescents who did not experience internalizing problems before bereavement.
The internalizing problems after family bereavement are predicted by the amount of internalizing problems before family bereavement occurred.
Teachers reported having referred more children with externalizing problems than with internalizing problems, even though in the vignettes they rated externalizing and internalizing problems as similarly needing referral.
Internalizing problems were more frequent than externalizing problems (Fig. 1b).
The problem behaviour domain includes the sub-domains of externalizing problems, internalizing problems and hyperactivity.
Being female predicted internalizing problems in both groups.
Since there is familial aggregation for internalizing problems, partly resulting from disorder specific genetic influences [ 32, 36, 48, 50], more parents from children with internalizing problems experience internalizing problems themselves, compared to other parents.
A history of internalizing problems before family bereavement puts an adolescent at a higher risk of internalizing problems in the future.
In sum: Pre (loss) scores on internalizing problems predicted post (loss) scores on internalizing problems in family-bereaved and in the non-bereaved adolescents.
However, when parents experience internalizing problems, they tend to report more symptoms of internalizing problems about their child, compared to the child itself [ 41].
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