Since the method described above allowed us to discriminate Alexa488/InlA-beads that had become internalized from those that had not, we further used it to calculate the rate of internalization by measuring the fraction of beads internalized at various time points after initial bead binding for MDCK and Caco-2 cells (Figure 3A and 3B – gray line).
The non-specifically bound dye is not always problematic; it is expected to be internalized at an efficiency similar to the internalization efficiency of the protein, and may or may not dissociate from the protein once internalized.
Although these mutants were internalized at a high rate, this increase in initial internalization is not sufficient to explain the hypercytotoxic phenotype.
Despite this, these results clearly indicate that this method can be accurately used not only to assess whether a bead has been internalized or not, but also to establish a rate of internalization by counting the number of beads that have been internalized at a given time (further details on the kinetics provided later in the Results).
The reason lies in the small size of organic fluorophores compared to proteins, which causes fluorophores to be internalized at higher efficiency than proteins, and in the fact that the internalized free dye cannot be easily distinguished from labeled proteins inside the cell.
The entire film seems internalized: at the same time as the shots show a reality accessible to all, they seem wrenched from the psyches of the characters.
Moreover, they were actively internalized at a temperature of 37°C but restricted to the cell membrane at 4°C.
Enhanced social capital ensures better access to information, credit, and facilitates cooperation for actions that have positive externalities which are not internalized at the level of individual decision makers (Hogset 2005 cited in Katungi 2007).
However, contrary to 111ln-DTPA-hEGF (15% internalized at 24-h incubation), 125I]SGMIB-MNT nuclear kinetics showed a rapid decrease of nuclear-accumulated radioactivity (as a percentage of internalized radioactivity) with time (Figure 3c).
But the meme, at once personal and shared by millions, is a vector of almost unlimited value (as it has been by other names for millennia, as any scholar will tell you), and they are being created and internalized at an incredible rate.
Both opsonized and non-opsonized amorphous silica particles were rapidly internalized at 37°C.
