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By contrast, CXCR4 becomes permanently down-regulated following stimulation with CXCL12 and its internalization proceeds with a minimal degradation of the chemokine.
Integrin internalization proceeds either through clathrin-mediated vesicle formation or through caveolar endocytosis at the site of cholesterol-rich membrane domains (9, 31), and is thought to be directed per signaling motifs on the integrin cytodomain (9, 30).
van der Aa et al. [ 182] showed that in COS-7 cells, blocking caveolae-mediated uptake causes an almost complete inhibition of PEI and pDMAEMA polyplex-mediated gene expression, while internalization proceeds by both the clathrin and caveolae-mediated pathways.
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This distribution can be obtained as the steady-state solution to a variant of the model without the contact boundaries and with the internalization proceeding at the low constitutive rate on the entire cell surface.
More investigation will be required to ascertain what aspect of the internalization process proceeds slowly at reduced temperatures.
After wash, cells were transferred into pre-warmed (37°C) culture medium to allow internalization to proceed for indicated periods of time.
The notion of EGFR-NCE, however, has been challenged by reports showing that the internalization of EGFR proceeds through CME at all tested doses (Kazazic et al, 2006; Rappoport and Simon, 2009).
From that point on, the boundaries moved according to the receptor density at their position, and the receptor internalization between the boundaries proceeded at the high ligand-induced rate.
Internalization was allowed to proceed at 37 °C in the presence of the agonist isoproterenol.
Thus, as development proceeds, cell internalizations progress laterally along the posterior margin, following the same succession of distinct cell behaviors as observed in the midline (Fig. 3I).
In contrast to abortive invasions observed previously with the iKO-AMA1 following ATc treatment, the AMA1FW/AA parasites remain attached through a MJ but failed to proceed further in internalization (Fig. 4a,b).
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