We report here the utilization of a microarray covering the whole genome of Staphylococcus aureus to evaluate the behavior of the bacterium upon cellular internalization, a phenomenon potentially contributing to bacterial protection against host defenses, and important in the context of chronic infections.
A handful of firms including Citigroup and Knight Capital pay retail brokers like TD Ameritrade and Scottrade for the opportunity to trade with ordinary retail investors before the orders can reach an exchange, a phenomenon known as internalization.
Thus, we sought to correlate this phenomenon of decreased internalization with the various hypoxia-induced cellular adaptations that have been published so far.
Characteristically, the caveolar internalization is a single wave phenomenon and it takes hours before caveolin/caveolae reappear at the plasma membrane.
This phenomenon, that involves internalization and recycling of native antigen to cell surface, has been described for macrophages associated to the subcapsular sinus [ 31- 33], dendritic cells [ 34- 36] and follicular dendritic cells [ 37].
Depletion of ATP content, observed in these experiments, could be due to the massive internalization of NP@heparin by the cells, phenomenon substantiated by Prussian blue staining for iron detection.
Visualization of E-cadherin endosome trafficking in real-time via 4D tracking software (Imaris Bitplane; ANDOR) indicated that RASSF1C-expressing cells had reduced trafficking speed and did not register movement toward the junction, supporting the idea of increased internalization and failure to recycle, a phenomenon which again was not observed in the case of the E-cadherin mutant.
Thus, we wondered whether the low HER2 surface levels on CD44highCD24low cells might be due to increased internalization of the receptor, which is a phenomenon known to occur in response to receptor activation.
Salmonella isolates from internalized condition showed considerable internalization potential.
Receptor internalization upon agonist exposure is a well-documented phenomenon for many GPCRs including opioid receptors.
