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Analysis of spore internalization showed that expression of Δp85α significantly decreased the spore internalization frequency (by ∼45%) in both A549 (Fig. 2, E, **, p<0.01) and HeLa cells (Fig. S1, D, ***, p<0.001) when compared to cells transfected with the vector control.
Cell internalization frequency was calculated from a total of 200 cells in at least three independent experiments under a Leica AF7000 fluorescence microscope using a 63× 1.3 numerical aperture PlanApo objective.
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These results exclude the possibility that a ligand-induced receptor internalization might underlie the lower frequency of CXCR3hi-expressing B cells in patients with SLE.
Likewise, the ratio of PI-positive cells and the frequency of cell internalization was not reduced by shRNA expression; only LDH release was suppressed, suggesting a role for this kinase in necrosis but not entosis and cornification processes.
Using our device, we characterized the frequency-dependent activation and internalization of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), a prototypic G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), using epinephrine.
In this study we examined the relation of team weigh-ins and self-weighing frequency on collegiate male athletes' internalization of body ideals, social pressures about weight/body, body satisfaction, dietary intent, negative affect, drive for muscularity, and bulimic symptomatology.
Salmonella isolates from internalized condition showed considerable internalization potential.
The negligible frequency of directed CD81 trajectories may reflect protein internalization (Farquhar et al., 2012).
In this study, cellular internalization of micron/nanoparticles was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG).
We previously showed that spore germination was not required for internalization by non-phagocytic cells, and that spores of B. subtilis were internalized by host cells at a significantly lower frequency than that of B. anthracis spores [1], [6].
The economist Joseph Farrell called this the "internalization of complementary efficiencies".
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