Factors that influence drug bioavailability are solubility, in vivo/in vitro stability, ability to cross internal membranes, toxicity, distribution and/or metabolism among other factors.
Final concentration of DMSO in the assay was ≤5%, which does not produce mycobacterial toxicity (internal control).
[For raw data, see Supplemental Material, Table 1 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0800471.S1).] The data on rat chronic lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) and rat chronic no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) were compiled from an internal low-dose toxicity data set established in our laboratory [see Supplemental Material, Table 2 (doi:10.1289/ehp.0800471.S1)].
Metallic nanoparticles also have troubled us with their toxicity in internal organs [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28].
Toxicities to internal organs, including lung dysfunction, neuropathy, and nephrotoxicity, are clinically evident.
But Seiji Oshumi, director of the Cetacean Research Institute, said his researchers performed more than 100 different scientific tests on the whales, including determining toxicity levels of internal organs and stomach contents, which he said required the whales to be killed.
Toxicity of the internal standards was evaluated by testing samples of spiked ultrapure water and could be neglected (inhibition < 2%).
Formation of core-shell particles containing Au nanoparticles as the core is a candidate for solving the problem since the shell can keep the particles from contacting with internal organs, which decreases the toxicity of Au nanoparticles.
This indicates that the mechanism of resistance is not due to changes in the import level but rather to some unknown internal mechanism decreasing the selenium toxicity.
We sacrificed dams and offspring and observed swainsonine toxicity effects on internal organs via histopathological analysis as well as altered hematological and blood biochemical parameters in both parent and offspring mice.
