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Transcription was normalized to seryl-tRNA synthetase as an internal standard control.
Samples were run in triplicates and the efficiency of each primer was calculated utilizing an internal standard control.
In brief, we determined the quantity of the template at the Ct (target cycle) and the efficiency (X) by a internal standard control and the fold increase was calculated as X inputCt-IPCt).
GAPDH was served as an endogenous internal standard control for variations in RT-PCR efficiency.
Human ALCAM-Fc protein (R&D systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota) served as an internal standard control.
For all plates, the internal standard control duplicate analyses were within the accepted %CV.
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The PCR method described above allowed an internal standard controlled classification of GSTM1-deficient (GSTM1-null genotype) individuals.
In GC MS experiments, to monitor extraction efficiency, 750 ng of internal standard controls (hexacosane (Sigma #241687) and triacontane (Sigma #263842) as dissolved in hexane) were added on to the glass plates immediately before pheromone extraction procedures.
In addition, the presence of an internal standard controls for inter-sample variation in presence of PCR inhibitors (which often are gene-specific) and ensures no false negatives (if the PCR fails the internal standard PCR product is not observed and there are no data to report).
Triplicates of A549-RNA (10 ng μl−1) were used as internal standard to control each run.
a. Additionally perform normalization using 36B4 as an internal standard (additional control).
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