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Blood fibrinogen levels in patients with sepsis were 522 ± 202 mg/ml (internal reference values: 200 to 400 mg/ml).
The serum levels of 10 different cytokines were evaluated in all 61 patients and 23 healthy women, considered as internal reference values.
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The most commonly examined metabolites include lactate as a product of anaerobic glycolysis, 71 N-acetylaspartate as a sign of neuronal viability and density, 72, 73 choline as an indicator of high membrane turnover and thus cell proliferation, 74, 75 and creatine as a signature of cell energy expenditure used for an internal reference value.
Two relevant genes involved in retinal dystrophies, the previously mentioned Rho and Cerkl, were also included as internal reference threshold values for high and low levels of gene expression in the retina, respectively.
The use of the MRS was part of this survey, i.e. multinational data became available to reconsider methodological issues more thoroughly such as internal structure of the scale, reliability (internal consistency alpha), and reference values for different population.
Normalization of RT-qPCR data is commonly achieved by subtracting the Ct values of the internal reference genes from the Ct values of the target genes to obtain ΔCt.
Excitation systems of the generators are assumed to function in some way to keep internal voltage magnitudes at reference values during the transient period.
To evaluate potential prognostic values of the genes, we simply used as an internal reference the mean Ct value of all 15 genes.
Thus, in our experience, the use of myometrium as internal reference improves the diagnostic value of semiquantitative parameters when viewed in combination with the descriptive parameters.
Creatinine was used as an internal reference, and the obtained quantitative values were expressed as millimoles of metabolite per mole of creatinine.
With the citrus β-Actin gene as the internal reference gene, relative gene expression values were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method [ 51].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com