Intracellular metabolite pools can be set to three levels: high if the metabolite is present in the medium and can be imported inside the cell (hybrid signal), medium if an intracellular synthesis flux exists (internal signal), null if the metabolite cannot be produced.
If the impact occurs out of the frame, the global energy (and thus the obtained estimator) would be negative because of energy dissipation caused by internal losses and almost null.
When α = 1, the method is reduced to the selection of features by a standard t-test with threshold p Th = 2β Th combined with variance filter; when β Th = 0.5 (and α < 1) the method is reduced to selection based on the 'Unusual Ratio' variant of fold change method (see, for example, [ 2]) with internal definition of the null feature distribution.
Renilla reporter pRL-null, an internal control to normalize for variation in transfection efficiency, was transfected using Lipofectamine 2000, and the luciferase activity was determined and normalized to the Renilla activity, as we have described previously.
Additionally, the significant association with genes expressed during Theiler stage 20 (embryonic day 12) (q-value = null embryos when internal haemorrhage is detected [ 13].
We noted no differences in the anatomy of the external or internal reproductive organs of Magel2-null mice at birth, and in particular did not detect any male mice with cryptorchidism.
Male and female Ftz-F1 null mice had female internal genitalia, despite complete gonadal agenesis.
A direct demonstration of this is obtained from a comparison of the null space of the internal stoichiometry matrix in the full network and in the subnetworks.
On the other hand, peptides with low-scoring native sequences and those modified by an internal residue residue exchange (the latter yielding a null score) did not lead to amyloid formation.
Firstly, one of the laboratory isolates and a minority of field isolates had an internal stop codon, so these may be null with regard to protein expression.
