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An internal instrument was used to assess the teaching, and an external one was used to assess the impact of the teaching.
When working with ultra-low-frequency (ULF) magnetic datasets, as with most geophysical time-series data, it is important to be able to distinguish between cultural signals, internal instrument noise, and natural external signals with their induced telluric fields.
Between measurements, the closed loop within the infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) was opened via a toggle switch, with the chamber fan running at maximum speed to restore the entire IRGA and internal instrument plumbing to ambient CO2 concentrations.
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We were able to use flexi-time and telehomework from the previous wave as internal instruments.
Therefore, we can conclude that our internal instruments are valid and not correlated with the residuals.
The difference GMM treats the model as a system of equations in differences one for each time period (i.e. internal instruments are differenced variables).
The GMM-SYS approach implies to simultaneously estimate a system of two equations (respectively in level and in first differences) and rely on internal instruments to control for endogeneity.
The internal instruments had small pieces of bioluminescent foxfire affixed to the needles to indicate their position in the dark.
Two tests support the validity of the internal instruments used in system GMM.
In this through-objective excitation, total internal reflection instrument, the dichroic mirror conventionally used to spectrally segregate the excitation and emission pathways was replaced with small broadband mirrors.
Sequentially, rods were tightened, and the kyphosis was slowly and carefully rectified with the help of the compression and stretch of the internal fixation instrument.
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