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The exposure estimates therefore relate to external, not internal, exposure.
"We are extremely worried about internal exposure to radiation".
They were more often associated with external radiation exposure, not always with internal exposure.
Internal exposure creates the greatest concern because of the risk of cancer.
Considering the adverse health effects, DBP internal exposure in the Chinese population should be reduced.
Therefore, it is important to assess the internal exposure of these chemicals in humans.
For BPA, the external dermal exposure was converted into an internal exposure because the toxicological reference value for the dermal route applies to the absorbed dose.
Most pharmaceuticals are extensively metabolized by organisms, which results in internal exposure to mixtures of parent compounds and various metabolites.
Alternatively, cosmetic ingredients with a low dermal bioavailability might not need repeated dose data, as internal exposure will be minimal and systemic toxicity might not be an issue.
Links between markers of external and internal exposure are evaluated, as well as metabolic aspects leading to the formation of DNA adducts and influencing biomarkers of biological effect.
The environmentally dominant stage was found to be mining/milling stage and the most radiologically significant pathway could be an internal exposure.
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