Exact(7)
The internal tube makes the concrete confined triaxially with internal confinement.
To show the existence and the effect of the internal confinement, an experiment was performed.
In addition, by introducing the PVC tube as internal confinement to the hollow columns the ductility was also improved.
Tests showed that variations in internal confinement have a lower impact on column behavior compared to the external FRP confinement.
The test results showed that the internal confinement existed and made the concrete in the state of triaxial confinement.
This article examines the effects of column slenderness and internal confinement on the behavior of eccentrically-loaded circular RC columns strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets.
Similar(53)
Her home confinement ends in August.
We measured internal temperatures, confinement pressure, and ignition time.
These include, amongst others, the interaction between the internal transverse reinforcement confinement and the external FRP confinement, and non-uniform confinement as found in FRP-confined square/rectangular sections.
The proposed model provides, through the analogy among the section core and internal cylinders, the confining pressure in polar coordinates to be applied for computing the actual concrete curve subjected to passive confinement.
In the experiment, under fluctuating changes in the internal casing pressure and low confinement pressures, the cement sheath was cracked in the radial direction, but under high confinement pressures, the sheath became separated from the casing without macro cracks.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com