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In addition, analyses of blood serum samples provided the internal concentration of 14 PFAS.
Forward osmosis (FO) processes, due to internal concentration polarisation, are limited with regards to flux.
FO performance is primarily limited by the presence of internal concentration polarization (ICP), which significantly reduces the permeate flux.
This intrinsically hydrophilic support was used to increase the "wetted porosity" and to mitigate internal concentration polarization.
This resulted in increased hydrophilicity and a corresponding increase in 'wetted porosity' and reduced internal concentration polarization.
Internal concentration polarization (ICP) and membrane fouling are two major factors impairing the performance of forward osmosis membranes.
The model allows performance prediction as well as the establishment of the internal concentration and pressure profiles within the membrane.
In phytoplankton, the internal concentration of the most limiting nutrient in a cell determines its growth rate.
In addition, a new expression is established for determining the internal concentration polarization in the support layer of the membrane.
Depth and plants had no significant effect on the internal concentration profiles within the non-aerated HF beds.
We assume that the population growth rate of cell type i is proportional to a rate g i (A i, B i ) determined by its internal concentration of the metabolites.
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