A key limitation of Ashby's law is that it fails to distinguish between necessary complexity (i.e., internal complexity required to adapt to a complex external environment) and unnecessary complexity (e.g., internal complexity caused by suboptimal organization design decisions) (Worren 2012).
A four-fold hierarchy of depositional bodies was recognized including: i) event beds deposited by single turbidity currents: ii) single lobes, consisting of bed sets with variable degree of sand amalgamation; iii) lobe sets, i.e. depocentre-wide stacks of single lobes and iv) lobe complexes, representing high rank units of greater internal complexity.
Different models to analyse and predict the behaviour of complex systems are more or less able to accommodate internal complexity and the regulation of variation in input from outside the regulated system.
Thus, increasing internal complexity, maintenance effort, and ultimately cost.
Simulations based on features show significant reduction of internal complexity.
Launching too many minor product extensions that confuse customers and increase internal complexity.
The diversity of Jordan and Syria are reminders of their internal complexity.
One challenge in understanding evolution concerned the internal complexity and interdependence of biological systems.
Companies should seek to systematically eradicate organizational drag — all the internal complexity that leads to inefficient and ineffective interactions.
Furthermore, measurement of mitochondrial internal complexity using flow cytometry displayed significant reduction in internal complexity in diabetic IFM which was restored in mitofilin diabetic IFM (P < 0.05).
That is to say, subsystems can be aggregated into virtual devices that hide their internal complexity.
