In view of the high degree of structural diversity of AMPs in amphibian defensive skin secretions and the widely held view that such secretions, like venoms, act in a holistic manner through numerous intermolecular interactions, it would not be surprising to observe such cooperative effects and, indeed, this has been previously reported for the magainins from Xenopus skin [ 1– 9, 24].
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06638.009 > > -wrap-foot>> -Weap-foot> We next tested the hypothesis that TEDs can target host proteins, forming intermolecular covalent bonds in a thioester-dependent manner.
The chimeric construct crystallized with four molecules in the asymmetric unit, with the fragments of Hrb binding to each longin domain in an identical manner but with two being intermolecular and two being intramolecular interactions.
These cyclopropanations occur through intermediates such as 41 or 42 for intermolecular processes, in a concerted although highly asynchronous manner.
Additional chromium interacts in a nonspecific manner with the DNA and can form intermolecular DNA cross-links.
We proposed that this represented intra- and intermolecular epitope spreading and was an indicator of disease progression, in a manner analogous to the conversion from a single to multiple islet autoantibodies in the progression to T1D [ 41, 42].
In contrast to PLK1-PBD, PLK4-PB1/2 as well as PB3 have been described to form intermolecular homodimers and to bind their targets in a different, phospho-independent manner (Leung et al., 2002; Slevin et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2013; Park et al., 2014; Shimanovskaya et al., 2014).
Here, we summarise recent progress in understanding the structural mechanism of how the tug-of-war between intramolecular and intermolecular interactions allows these protein 'nanomachines' to become activated in a site-specific manner.
Compression occurs in a similar manner to that observed with temperature, reducing intertrimer distance and therefore intermolecular aurophilic interaction distance in compounds 1– 3 (Table 6).
As shown in Figure 4c, wild-type spartin inhibited the intermolecular interaction between HECT and the PRR/WWI-IV fragment in a dose-dependent manner, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.56 ± 0.08 μM and an inhibition constant of 0.21 ± 0.03 μM.
