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The birds' probability of classifying an intermediate stimulus as that associated with the instant food outcome was significantly higher in the enriched cage compared with the standard cage.
Precision was highest for intermediate stimulus velocities (22.1 cm/s to 48.6 cm/s).
Lighter green colors correspond to stronger T in motion; lighter orange colors correspond to stronger T out motion; darker colors correspond to intermediate stimulus strengths.
When using longer sequences, an intermediate stimulus rate should be used in order to create balanced activity across both primary and non-primary fields.
At an intermediate stimulus strength of 24 V, the PP-evoked PSP depolarized the membrane by only 6.6 ± 0.9 mV with inhibition intact, whereas the PSP size increased to 11.7 ± 1.3 mV when inhibition was blocked (p < 0.001, n = 10).
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In behavior-analytic studies of generalization, stimulus control appears to be discrete rather than continuous: after two behavior patterns R1 and R2 are trained in the presence of stimuli A and B, respectively, tests of intermediate stimuli evoke R1 and R2 in varying proportions rather than an actual mix of R1 and R2.
For intermediate stimuli, the probability distribution shows characteristics of both type A and type B activation (Figure 4, middle panel).
For this reason we assumed that frequency relevance might also affect intermediate stimuli, as shown in previous electrophysiological studies [ 12].
The prediction accuracy for the most extreme stimuli (speeds 2, 4, 14, and 16) deviated from the behavioral error rate function, possibly due to a greater perceptual uncertainty, about the identity of the stimulus or boundary cue, compared to the intermediate stimuli.
In the noisy switch model, the cell can distinguish no stimulus (point a, OFF) from maximal stimulus (point d, ON but intermediate stimuli (points b and c) cannot reliably be distinguished based on the gene expression output and signal intensity information has been lost.
In contrast, we found that they took significantly longer to approach an intermediate ambiguous stimulus, suggesting that they were less likely to anticipate food (a negative judgement) compared to dogs in the 'Neutral' treatment group.
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