This implies that stem cells and TP/A intermediate stem cells are for their renewal androgen independent, although the TP/A intermediate stem cells are androgen sensitive for expanding the epithelial compartment.
The stem cells divide and sometimes specialize into other types of "intermediate" stem cells that in turn divide and form the neurons that make up brain tissue.
The researchers further discovered that the inserted gene causes some of the mouse's early brain stem cells to make more intermediate stem cells than the animals usually have.
The exocrine lineage of differentiation is critically dependent on androgens and thus androgen deprivation therapy will result in declining numbers of secretory/exocrine cells, while the number of stem cells and TP/A intermediate stem cells remains stable.
The stem cells have the unique capacity of self-renewal, providing the full repertoire to develop the differentiated ductal system via transient proliferating/amplifying (TP/A) intermediate stem cells.
The suprabasal levels contain transit-amplifying (TA) intermediate stem cells which are defined by a finite number of cell divisions before entering a terminal differentiation pathway (85).
The intermediate prostate stem cell line BHPrE1 was also a generous gift from Dr. Simon Hayward and cultured in DMEM/F12 (Cellgro) supplemented with 5% FBS, 1X ab/am, 1% insulin/transferrin/selenium (Gibco), 0.4% bovine pituitary extract (Sigma; St . Louis MO), 5 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (Gemini Bio-Products; West Sacramento, CA), and 1X ab/am [ 73].
Such an intermediate state may resemble the intermediate epiblast stem cells (IESCs) recently described in the mouse (Chang and Li, 2013).
A recent study also showed that an intermediate state of stem cell induction can exist, by using just a few of the transcription factors (Lin et al., 2011).
Zebrafish melanocytes arise from a small number of bipotent melanogenic progenitors that are derived directly from the neural crest without a stem cell intermediate during the first three days of development, and from another population that arises via an MSC intermediate (Budi et al., 2011; Dooley et al., 2013; Hultman et al., 2009; Tryon et al., 2011).
