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Set some intermediate errors: ε 1 : = p ( u h ) − p h, e 1 : = y ( u h ) − y h.
Now we chose ũ = u in (3.5 - 3.8 3.5 - 3.8 sethenme intermediate errors: ε 1 : = p - p h ( u ) and e 1 : = y - y h ( u ).
With the intermediate errors, we can decompose the errors as follows: p − p h = p − p ( u h ) + p ( u h ) − p h : = ϵ 1 + ε 1, y − y h = y − y ( u h ) + y ( u h ) − y h : = r 1 + e 1, q − q h = q − q ( u h ) + q ( u h ) − q h : = ϵ 2 + ε 2, z − z h = z − z ( u h ) + z ( u h ) − z h : = r 2 + e 2. By using the standard results of mixed finite element methods [26], we have the following results.
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Then we discuss a posteriori error estimates for the intermediate error in Section 3.
At intermediate error rates it is difficult to say whether t1 is a minimum, maximum, or saddle point for the constant error rate acquisition scheme.
A constant density approach for incompressible multi-phase SPH simulations was introduced by Hu and Adams [26], which corrects ([25]) intermediate density errors by adjusting the half-time-step velocity with exact projection.
A constant-density approach, which corrects intermediate density errors by adjusting the half-time-step velocity with exact projection, is proposed for the multi-phase SPH method developed in our previous work [X.Y. Hu, N.A. Adams, An incompressible multi-phase SPH method, J. Comput. Phys. 227 (2007) 264 278].
Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm decreases the intermediate estimation error and accelerates the consensus convergence, with the nearly optimal steady-state estimation performance.
Next, let us define the intermediate weight error vector (widetilde {boldsymbol {psi }}_{k,i}) for node k as widetilde{boldsymbol{psi}}_{k,i}=boldsymbol{psi}_{k,i}-mathbf{w}^{o}.
By virtually eliminating the intermediate processes, error accumulation in treatment and in the manufacturing cycle is no longer an issue.
In general, the assay is more accurate for rare and intermediate species (error in α within 3% over the entire range of kf-bound tested) as compared to abundant species and for lower differential expression ratios compared to higher ratios.
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