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Intermediate demand levels are deflated using the intermediate demand industry-level price index.
Methodologically, we originally measure the infrastructure inputs accounting for the real used network and calculate a series of new final and intermediate demand gravity-based and locational indicators, which capture a wide range of economic transactions and represent different concepts of economic accessibility outputs.
This indicates that they were almost 'pushed away' from intermediate demand C&T-production activities.
4Total output is intermediate demand for inputs plus final demand and is equivalent to total production.
Equations (4) and (5) indicate intraregional transactions for intermediate demand and final demand, respectively.
For both countries the downstream movement was caused by a slump in intermediate demand C&T-outflows which overcompensates the decrease in final demand C&T-outflows.
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Table 1 Japan China international input output table, METI Intermediate demands Final demands Exports Imports Total output Japan China Japan China Intermediate inputs Japan X JJ X JC F JJ F JC E J X J J China X CJ X CC F CJ F CC E C – X C ROW X WJ X WC F WJ F WC – − M J − M C J V Cue-added V J V C – – – – – Total input X J X C – – – – –.
Here ( {D}_i^s ) denotes the total domestic demand of the ith commodity in the sth area, which consists of the intermediate demands ( {displaystyle sum {X}_{ij}^s} ) and the final demand, ( {F}_i^s ).
Then the following equation holds for each sector in each area: {D}_i^s+{E}_i^s+{E}_i^{*s}-{M}_i^s-{M}_i^{*s}+varDelta {N}_i^s={X}_i^s, where ( {D}_i^s={displaystyle sum {X}_{ij}^s}+{F}_i^s. ) Here ( {D}_i^s ) denotes the total domestic demand of the ith commodity in the sth area, which consists of the intermediate demands ( {displaystyle sum {X}_{ij}^s} ) and the final demand, ( {F}_i^s ).
The mental job strain indicator was constructed as: low job strain (low demands with high or intermediate control), high job strain (high or intermediate demands and low control) and intermediate job strain (all other combinations of demands and control) [ 21].
The same carbon price would give only a 66percentt chance of hitting that temperature goal in an intermediate-demand world.
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