We considered as high availability those ICUs who always have all 8 items, intermediate availability those with 6-7 items and low availability those with 5 or less items.
When these pathways are reconstituted in a heterologous microbial host for metabolic engineering purposes, the acyl-CoAs may be subject to undesirable hydrolysis by the host's native thioesterases, resulting in a waste of cellular energy and decreased intermediate availability, thus impairing bioconversion efficiency.
Compost composed mainly of garden/park waste and sewage sludge was intermediate in availability (40 70 %).
Bonobos used various habitat types, showing preferences for understory with intermediate light availability and dominated by woody or herbaceous vegetation.
However, the regulation of its metabolism in conditions of intermediate oxygen availability is not well characterised.
Interestingly, several genes of the MAPK signalling pathway of mating and filamentous growth were considerably upregulated in the conditions of intermediate oxygen availability.
To our knowledge, the global upregulation of respiratory pathways observed in this study as a response to intermediate oxygen availability has not previously been described.
However, since the glucose was below detection limit in all cultures studied, oxygen limitation in addition to glucose limitation, contributed to the induction of this signalling pathway in the conditions of intermediate oxygen availability.
Genes related to the respiratory pathway, the TCA cycle, metal ion homeostasis and the MAPK signalling pathways of mating and filamentous growth responded specifically to intermediate oxygen availability, a response not seen when focusing only on anaerobic and aerobic growth conditions.
Clusters 4, 7 and 11, of which clusters 4 and 11 have been discussed above with reference to genes involved in the TCA cycle and respiration, and which contain those genes which were more highly expressed in the conditions of intermediate oxygen availability, were enriched in genes involved in mating and filamentous growth.
The experimental conditions explored here are very limited, and the number of genes in the plant-pathogen anaerobic stimulons will only increase as additional variables (carbon sources, nitrate availability, intermediate O2 levels, time series of shifting O2 availability, etc).
