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For these intermediary categories of plant improvement systems, both overly strong intellectual property rights and the absence of well delineated intellectual-property protection fail to provide incentives for investing in follow-on innovations.
Finally, this conclusion leads us to recognise the role played by other arguments, beyond the legal analysis of optimal fit, when making regulatory decisions for intermediary categories of cumulative incremental innovation.
As can be seen from the analysis in this article, neither strong intellectual property rights, nor their complete absence have proven an optimal fit from a legal and economic point view for the two intermediary categories of cumulative incremental innovation in agriculture research.
There were also significant differences between the areas of the extreme categories ('A'<'E') and between the areas of the intermediary categories ('B'B'B'B.
It provides three different configurations: 1) extreme categories are anchored; 2) intermediary categories have a common frontier with one extreme category and 3) the central category is presumably free of direct interference from extreme categories.
Post hoc analyses (Dunnett T3; variance was not homogeneous according to Levene's test) showed that the areas of the extreme categories ('A', 'E') were significantly lower than the areas of the intermediary categories ('B', 'D'), which in turn were significantly lower than the area of the central category ('C'C.
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If someone receives a fixed wage, and is under the control and direction of someone, they are more likely to be an employee in law than a worker (intermediary category) or self-employed.
It is worth noticing that both persistent and rare genes form clusters, while the genes of the intermediary category do not cluster.
According to a work done by Fang et al. [ 64] genes present in the majority of organisms and genes present in very few organisms have a strong clustering tendency, while genes of the intermediary category do not cluster.
Combining the literature on 'city systems' and its intermediary spatial categories with the discourse on 'socio-technical' hybrids, this article examines whether the early rural urban condition in Belgium was the planned spatial outcome of infrastructure policy.
About 70% of predicted membranal proteins with assigned function belonged to transport, energy generation, post-translational modification, cofactor synthesis, amino acid metabolism and central intermediary metabolism categories (Additional file 11).
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