In 2008, a multi-stakeholder process was initiated by the World Wildlife Fund and the International Finance Corporation, the private development arm of the World Bank, bringing together industry, supply chain intermediaries, end-users, farmers and civil society organisations to develop standards for certifying the derivative products of sugar cane, one of which is ethanol fuel.
In summary, these examples all contribute to a critical attitude toward intermediary end points in cardiovascular prevention.
After this disturbing result, protagonists for the use of intermediary end points will have an even tougher task than before to substitute drugs other than real cardiovascular end points or end-stage renal disease.
Even if previous studies have shown that such a combination is able to reduce proteinuria, an intermediary end point, this could not regretfully translate into extra clinical benefit in prevention of CVD.
On the pro side, arguments are concentrated in defense of using left ventricular hypertrophy, albuminuria, or arterial stiffness as useful surrogate markers, or intermediary end points, to guide the intensity and mode of treatment.
All may be involved to varying degrees as innovators, intermediaries, and/or end users.
An image was created by superimposing successive levels, and, to read it well, it was necessary -- contrary to our modern habits -- to begin with the bottom level and, passing through all the intermediary layers, end with the top one.
Process evaluation can focus on various levels (content/organization) and target groups (intermediary and end target groups), and can be conducted by applying several research methods.
In the present study, an integrated analysis (transcriptional, translational, and intermediary and end-products of metabolism) is presented to test the uniqueness of three red-skinned and two white-skinned cultivars: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Semillon, respectively.
Because upstream enzymes are intermediary of multiple end products, even slightly deleterious amino acid changes in these enzymes could have major deleterious fitness consequences.
You don't have to work with logistics intermediaries, so you also end up paying less.
