Using pastoralists to provide services, particularly in the area of indigenous knowledge, interlocking strategies can be developed to link conservation of wildlife and rangelands with pastoral production by developing ecologically sensitive low-volume tourism that pastoral communities can tap in to diversify their livelihoods.
Battlefields of knowledge: The interlocking of theory and practice in social research and development.
The executives creating the interlock possess in-depth knowledge about their firm, its structure and its strategic needs.
Sent interlocks offer particularly knowledge-based and social influence benefits that firms cannot realize via received and undirected interlocks, but are in general costlier and more difficult to establish.
Having the choice between different types of interlocks to gain knowledge-based, social influence, and institutional benefits, firms select the type of tie that seemingly allows exploiting the desired benefits the best possible way.
The paper starts with the background knowledge of railway interlocking system.
Our results suggest that interlocks contribute to outside directors' knowledge and bargaining power in the boardroom.
In addition, sent interlocks serve to acquire specific knowledge and information about other companies' activities, which is especially useful when the focal firm pursues a particular learning goal (Burt 1983; Westphal et al. 2001).
Due to these features, the information and knowledge provided via received interlocks are likely to be especially influential (Nisbett and Ross 1980).
The above arguments make clear that sent interlocks stand out due to the knowledge acquisition and implementation advantages as well as the socio-cognitive benefits that they offer.
Prior research on the knowledge-based benefits of board interlocks (e.g., Beckman and Haunschild 2002; Westphal et al. 2001) has largely drawn on theories of organizational and individual learning (e.g., Argyris and Schön 1978; Huber 1991 3 to investigate how interlocks enable firms to expand their knowledge base.
