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If interim imaging can predict early in the course of therapy that a specific treatment will not be efficacious, therapy can potentially be altered prior to completion of the entire course.
Since specific MRI findings are known to improve over time, particularly with disc extrusions (which often resorb [ 32, 33]), the lack of an interim imaging timepoint may have created misclassification by failing to detect some MRI findings which developed at the precise time of symptom onset, but had improved by the 3-year follow-up MRI.
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This early-interim imaging is most relevant for early-stage disease in which overall survival (OS) is compromised by treatment-related mortality (mainly long-term toxicities of the treatment regimen; these include secondary tumors and cardiovascular events) [ 24].
Interim PET imaging refers to imaging performed during a planned course of therapy, prior to completion, with the goal of predicting the outcome of that course of treatment.
For both limited stage and advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple studies have demonstrated that interim PET imaging has a high negative predictive value and a moderate positive predictive value for progression-free survival.
Interim PET imaging has been explored most extensively in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), but has also been examined in DLBCL and FL.
From a total of 115 patients who achieved a ΔSUVmax >72% on interim PET/CT imaging, 77 (67%) had a ΔMTV >52%.
We performed an interim analysis of imaging data collected in 2 phase I radioimmunotherapy trials to determine the ability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) J591 directed to the extracellular domain of prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to target sites of known metastatic prostate cancer accurately.
A point of strength of our study is that we kept a reasonably low time-interval between MRI, liver biopsy, and TE (<10 days), thus avoiding any meaningful change in the hepatic fat content during the biopsy-MRI imaging interim.
Three further courses of ddAC were administered in case of a 'favourable response' on the interim magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a switch to docetaxel and capecitabine (DC) was made in case of an 'unfavourable response', using previously published response criteria.
All patients underwent interim 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging 7−12 days after commencing induction therapy (Table 1).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com