The betweenness of countries allows to detect countries at the interface between different communities, such as France connecting the central European countries with the USA-centred community or Poland connecting European research and the ex-Soviet area.
Seismic waves travel at different velocities through different types of rock formation and are reflected by the interfaces between different types of rock.
However, it jumps at the interface between different media.
In this way, boundary surfaces and sharp interfaces between different constituent materials are eliminated.
Figure 5 Interfaces between different network elements, (a) single mode RNs, (b) multimode RNs.
In particular, tracking the position of interfaces between different materials is a common first step.
The results are very sensitive to the placement of the interface between different parts of grids.
The interfaces between different materials can be coherent (heteroepitaxial), semi-coherent or incoherent.
An index function is used to track interfaces between different phases.
One crucial constraint for the horizontal slot waveguide is the roughness at the interface between different materials.
