The zeta potential was negative (−11.2 ± 5.1 mV) because of the negative surface charge density at the particle/water interface as a consequence of the presence of oxygen atoms in the polymer backbone [37, 38].
The interface asymmetry can be evident from the OA in the interface planes as a consequence of the mixing effect of the heavy- and light-hole induced by interface asymmetry.
This may lead to crack formation along the aggregate-paste interface and, as a consequence, to a lower tensile splitting strength (Nguyen et al. 2011).
This rough surface significantly increased the effective surface area at the electrode/electrolyte interface and, as a consequence, decreased the electrochemical impedance of the electrode (Fig. 4C).
In addition, shifts in intrathoracic impedance measurements may also transpire in response to changes occurring at the electrode/tissue interface and/or as a consequence of a mechanical failure of the implanted lead.
Corner intersection occurs when the interfaces are still separated as a consequence of continually decreasing the angle ψ, as illustrated in Fig. 8b and its detail.
It is clear from the possible increase in overlap volumes that the depletion force should be much more effective between flat interfaces than between curved interfaces.[ 3, 12] As a consequence, aggregates composed of short linear segments and closed loops were observed at a low particle concentration whereas the 3D gel network was observed at a high particle concentration.
In addition, major fluctuations in oxygen concentrations occur at the fetomaternal interface during normal pregnancy as a consequence of the profound vascular adaptations (5).
In natural soils, for instance, microorganisms, inorganic and organic particles might form complex bio-geochemical interfaces that interact with NP and as a consequence will influence their fate [119] and toxicity.
At interfaces, there is a significant perturbation in the structure, and as a consequence, the Madelung potential on interface ions can be significantly reduced.
