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The effects of irradiation on the surface and interface of the samples have been realized by AFM studies.
The hardness in the interface of the samples processed with multi-layer process decreased obviously compared with that of the single pass process, which was due to the multi thermal cycles.
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There are two kinds of losses, one is from the absorption of materials and another is associated with a finite reflection on the interface of the sample.
b, The corresponding fields transmitted through the incidence interface of the sample after deconvoluting the response functions of all the elements after the graphene film, including the 1.9-mm-thick ZnTe detection crystal, the 1.93-THz filter and the fused silica substrate from the FEOS signals in a. Black pulse is for the bare substrate, red for the graphene sample and blue for the difference.
The rough interface of the sample with SL interlayer surely decreased polarization-induced net electron density in the quantum well.
Finally, we investigated the influence of the probe-tissue interface on the sampling volume.
The structure, composition, periodicity, and interface abruptness of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, glow discharge optical spectroscopy, medium energy ion scattering, and narrow resonant nuclear reaction profiling.
The nature of the composition and interface changes of the samples was also investigated by Raman spectroscopy, as shown in Figure 4b.
In term of slips, the NSM samples had higher values with the mid-range value of the ultimate slip developed within the interface of the NSM samples being approximately 0.5 mm, whilst an ultimate slip of 0.4 mm was never exceeded in the EBR samples.
The photothermal signal was measured from the phase difference between the amplitude peaks of the two outermost air/glass interfaces of the sample, as indicated in Fig. 1 d).
The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the stress distribution at the interface of the various samples.
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