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The relative expression values for each gene of interest normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were analyzed by ABI SDS software using the comparative CT method.
2−ΔΔCT yields fold change in gene expression of the gene of interest normalized to the internal control gene expression.
The ratio of expression of the gene of interest normalized against the standard was computed according to the equation proposed by Pfaffl et al. (33).
Data are displayed as expression ratios of genes of interest normalized to the expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase as internal reference in each sample.
Images of membranes were obtained with the abundance of all proteins of interest normalized to actin, which was the internal control.
Proteins bands were quantified using Alliance 2.7 software (Uvitec) and the protein of interest normalized against the positive control following confirmation of equal loading using β-actin.
Similar(48)
Briefly, the method involves obtaining the CT values for the cytokine of interest, normalizing to a housekeeping gene (18S in the present case) and deriving the fold increase compared with control, unstimulated cells.
Briefly, the method involves obtaining the C T values for the cytokine of interest, normalizing to a housekeeping gene (18S in the present case), and deriving the fold increase compared with the control, unstimulated cells.
Τhe Ct of any gene of interest was normalized to the Ct of the normalizer (GAPDH).
Ct values of genes of interest were normalized against Ctvalues of MSI1 and FVE to get normalized ΔCt values.
All samples were run in triplicate and the genes of interest were normalized to the reference gene (GUSB) and the paired normal tissue using the 2−ΔΔCt method.
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