We conclude that there is evidence of a delay and a failure of spermiation in experimental testes, and that adhesion junctions (ectoplasmic specializations) persisted at intercellular attachment sites where spermatids were retained by the epithelium.
During this disassembly, unique structures termed "tubulobulbar complexes" form at the intercellular attachment sites (Russell and Clermont, 1976), and have been proposed to be responsible for internalizing 'intact' junctions into Sertoli cells (Guttman et al., 2004b; Young et al., 2009b; Young et al., 2012).
The rHpSC colonies, those dominating in LIF-negative cultures, were composed exclusively of tightly-packed cells with little cytoplasm, cell surface expression of E-cadherin at intercellular contact sites, and scattered cells with low or no ALB expression (Fig. 3A, top row), phenotypic traits consistent with those of HpSCs.
Ca2+ responses in connected cells began after long latencies at intracellular sites several microns from the TNT connection site, implicating intercellular transfer of IP3 and subsequent IP3-mediated Ca2+ liberation, and not Ca2+ itself, as the mediator between TNT-connected, Cx43-expressing cells.
F-500 followed intercellular spaces from the site of injection to the wall of the ventricle.
This ρmax represents the maximum cell volume fraction capable of being packed into a given lattice site before intercellular forces begin to shove some of the cells outward into neighboring sites.
As the PAK/Pix/Git complex translocates to the site of intercellular contact within 1 3 minutes [ 81], PAK activation might thus be involved in the early phase of initial contact and target cell recognition.
Only upon recognition of a target cell, these vesicles are transported to the site of intercellular contact, thus releasing cytotoxic molecules into the synapse and exposing FasL locally on the plasma membrane [ 88, 89].
Movement of the sheet surface relative to its base expands the zone of intercellular overlap, catalyzing new sites for nascent intercellular junctions.
Tubulobulbar complexes are elaborate clathrin/actin related structures that form at sites of intercellular attachment in the seminiferous epithelium of the mammalian testis.
