We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for the fixed effects of mtDNA, nuclear genome, temperature, and their interactions on development time, survival, pupation height, and larval mass, including the replicate vial as a random effect in a mixed-model ANOVA where appropriate.
Temperature strongly modified the effects of the mitochondrial nuclear genetic interaction on development time, resulting in a significant epistasis environment interaction (i.e., G × G × E) (mtDNA × nuclear × TDEV: F3, 309 = 64.0, P < 0.0001).
If the genetic setup would be stable over a lifetime, these differences in effect weight would not be the case, and thus, a further player must be involved to explain the increased impact of these early gene-by-environment interactions on disease development.
Several designed experiments and multivariate regression analyses were performed to formally examine the effects of mandrel material, tow tension, cooling rate and ring thickness (as well as their interactions) on the development of these defects and their effects on the compressive strength of thin and thick, hoop-wound rings.
By studying mothers and their offspring, and through our participation in large genetics consortia, we will be able to study gene environment interactions on the development of risk factors and adiposity in early childhood.
As our understanding of the influence of these interactions on the development of allergy improves, novel interventions designed to modulate the host response to these asthmagenic exposures can be developed and implemented.
The FAMHES was launched in 2009 in Fangchenggang city, Guangxi, southwest China in 2009 and enrolled 4,303 Chinese men with 17 to 88 years-old; this study was designed to examine the genetic, environmental, and their interactions on the development of age-related chronic diseases.
We quantified the extent to which development temperature modifies the mitochondrial nuclear interaction effect on development time by scoring the time from egg to adult eclosion for each genotype developed at 16°, 22°, 25°, and 28°.
In addition to the overview of environmental and genetic contributions to infant attachment, and especially to disorganised attachment relevant to mental health issues, the few existing studies of gene-attachment interaction effects on development of childhood behavioural problems are also reviewed.
Secondary Objectives: 4. To determine the impact of the home environment, including family structure, socio-economic status, health behaviours (i.e. dietary intake and physical activity) maternal and paternal psychosocial stress factors, and parent-child interaction, on the development of adiposity of the growing offspring in the first three years.
In Experiment II, a 2 by 2-factorial design was used to determine the effect of sperm selection Swim-upPercollrcoll) and oxygen tension (20% vs 5%) during embryo culture and their interaction on embryo development.
