Discussions of context, i.e., person and task interaction, in language testing were made prominent by Bachman (1990) and Bachman and Palmer (1996).
Data is drawn from a three-year longitudinal study that examined the role of interaction in language and content learning for English Learners in content classrooms.
We framed whisker-object interactions in the language of boundary-value problems.
Future generations of PILs should aim at providing information about possible side effects and drug interactions in a language of risk that is causing less anxiety in order to diminish or – if at all possible – avoid typical "knee-jerk reactions" such as altering the dosage or discontinuing the prescribed medication.
Figure 5 presents a reciprocal interaction, specifically ability-in language user-in context, which posits an integrated claim perspective.
The city's 311 customer-service center has allowed interactions in 170 languages since it was formed in 2003.
The Assessment Situation embodies the person or language use and the assessment tasks as they exist within their given cultural structures, group attitudes and ideologies, schooling experiences, family engagement, community resources, etc. Fig. 2 A representation of context and person × task interaction as depicted in ability-in language user-in context.
We note again that, from the clinical literature, it is well known that not only the left hemisphere but also the right can support language, and that there is even compelling experimental evidence for involvement of both hemispheres and for facilitatory hemispheric interaction in normal language processing (see above).
If autonomy is about the learner being 'able to make significant decisions about what is to be learned, as well as how and when to do it' (Van Lier, L., 1996. Interaction in the Language Curriculum, Awareness, Autonomy and Authenticity. Longman, London and New York, pp. 12 13), then it would seem to be incompatible with distance learning.
