As the field of nanotechnology matures the generation of heterogeneous surfaces, comprising multiple ligand motifs patterned into distinct regions at the nanoscale, will enable us to understand how these multiple interactions interact to influence cell behaviour.
To examine the potential for drug-drug interactions to influence drug metabolism between the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dl-methylphenidate and atomoxetine with dextromethorphan, a probe for interactions involving cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 isoenzyme.
Community participation has been described as "…social interactions to influence and localise outcomes" [ 21].
Finally, interactions may occur among genes (epistasis) and with environmental factors (gene-environment interactions) to influence the phenotype (Table 1).
In tumours, the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition differs from normal tissue and allows novel interactions to influence tumour cell function.
Recently, we proposed glycocalyx remodeling as a potential strategy for harnessing cell-surface glycan interactions to influence the outcome of neural differentiation.
In contrast to the use of hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions to influence cell adhesion, we investigated the influence of the unique mechanical properties of self-healing microgel films on fibroblast adhesion.
Most commonly, researchers define communities as groups bounded by geographic location [ 27], and participation as collective actions that harness socio-cultural affiliations, customs, values and beliefs through social interactions to influence and localise outcomes [ 28].
It was not our objective to develop a new model of this pathway, but to incorporate an existing mathematical description into our agent-based representation of cells, hence introducing a subcellular level 'mechanism' that is initiated by cellular scale interactions to influence emergent changes in cell behaviour.
Gangliosides are overexpressed and actively shed by tumour cells (Wu et al, 1986; Valentino et al, 1990; Li and Ladisch, 1991) and have a number of biological properties that could conceivably alter tumour host interactions to influence the survival of the malignant cells that carry these molecules (Hakomori, 1996).
