The model has to quantify the effects of these interactions on the population of dispersed bubbles and has to estimate the distributions of bubble velocity, size and composition, as well as the state of the continuous phase.
The effects of species interactions on the population dynamics of the species involved can be predicted by a pair of linked equations that were developed independently during the 1920s by American mathematician and physical scientist Alfred J. Lotka and Italian physicist Vito Volterra.
While increased populations of B. tabaci are often associated with the spread of plant-virus epidemics, the effects of vector-virus-plant interactions on the population expansion of the whitefly have been largely ignored [10].
Our goal was to determine the impacts of predator and prey interactions on the population characteristics of each species.
Due to the fact that the interaction of the populations in the ecosystem is very complex and lacks strict control, it is not possible to directly investigate the interrelationships among the various groups.
While the effects of these interactions on individual pathogens and herbivores are often quantified, the consequences of these interactions for the population dynamics of both types of organisms and the evolution of ecological communities have rarely been studied.
Under such circumstances, and they are not uncommon, the dissemination of the parasite in a host population is dependent not only on the interaction of the parasite population with that of the host population but also on the interaction of the intermediate or vector host population with both parasite and host populations.
The interaction pattern of the population mean for date2.5 expressed as DOY, indicative of the critical day length inducing growth cessation, showed an almost horizontal trend for the three studied sites.
Several variations of the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model have been proposed that offer more realistic descriptions of the interactions of the populations.
Dynamic mass transfer methods have been developed to better describe the interaction of the aerosol population with semi-volatile species such as nitrate, ammonia, and chloride.
