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No interaction between species fits neatly into the categories of antagonism, commensalism, or mutualism.
Interaction between species and recent feeding history was also significant.
The interaction between species and origin was found to be significant as well (p ≤ 0.001).
The interaction between species and origin was found to be significant, too (p ≤ 0.001) (Table 5).
There was interaction between species and forage on total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations.
As a result, interest in mathematical models for populations with interaction between species has been on the increase.
Similar(20)
Together, these data suggest a highly specific coexistence and mutual interaction between species-associated microbiota and the host immune system, and that microbiota host interactions in humans cannot be completely mirrored in 'humanized' mice.
Coevolution is commonly defined as reciprocal evolutionary changes brought about by interactions between species, implying that interacting species impose selection on each other.
However, in complex natural communities, any given species interacts with multiple other species, and the potential interactions between species increase along with the number of species.
Whether ecological interactions between species are beneficial or competitive makes no difference to the competitive element in Darwin's theory.
Earlier Darwinian thinkers, we learn, underestimated beneficial interactions between species, portraying evolution as a competitive struggle of all against all.
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