For example, agency in learners and teachers "emerges from the interaction between resources and contexts and the learners' [and teachers'] perceptions and use of them" (Mercer, 2012, p. 43).
In contrast, no significant interaction between resources and fish predation on zooplankton was detected in a mesocosm study performed by Vakkilainen et al [45].
Theory predicts that interactions between resource availability and trophic structure will influence biomass distribution across trophic levels and ecosystem functioning [1] [5].
In systems where large predators are present, both adult and juvenile survival responds to environmental variability, due to interactions between resource availability, population size and predation pressure [4].
The rbMANOVA showed a significant interaction term between resource level and fish density treatments (Wilk's_lambda = 0.421, F8,52 = 3.52, p = 0.003, Fig. 1a), meaning that the resource effect on dependent variables was related to fish density.
There was also a marginally significant interaction term between resource level and fish density (F3,35 = 2.808, p = 0.054) reflecting the fact that fish in the 5 ind m−3 treatment generally grew best in the low resource treatment, while fish in the 10 ind m−3 treatment generally grew best in the high resource treatment (Fig. 6).
This allows the consideration of dynamic interactions between resources, and designs control responses that account for uncertain outcomes and that minimize contingencies.
An understanding of the dynamic interactions between resources and the management decisions that control them is critical to effectively manage contingencies during the execution phase of a project.
In general, understanding the interactions between resources modified by an ecosystem engineer and the availability of these resources in unmodified habitats aids prediction of the magnitude of the effects of an ecosystem engineer on diversity.
