While he is not charged with espionage, the indictment claimed he acted "with the intent to secure an advantage to a foreign nation".
Initially, in December 1999, Mr. Lee was charged in a 59-count felony indictment with gathering a huge amount of research and design data from the computers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory "with the intent to secure an advantage for a foreign power".
But federal officials all the way up to the attorney general, Janet Reno, signed on to the charges, which accused Dr. Lee of acting with "intent to injure the United States, and with the intent to secure an advantage to a foreign nation".
In a 17-page indictment, the US government said nuclear engineer Allen Ho, employed by the China General Nuclear Power Company, and the company itself had unlawfully conspired to develop nuclear material in China without US approval and "with the intent to secure an advantage to the People's Republic of China".
In 1970 he began working with a few others with the intent to secure and catalogue the King's various literary works, some of which by then were at risk of disappearing from knowledge.
The Transportation Security Administration is following Congressional intent to secure air cargo.
It declares the Obama administration's intent to secure ratification of the treaty banning all nuclear testing and states that the United States will not develop new nuclear weapons.
Simple negligence (not intent) is enough to secure a conviction.
There was plenty of evidence that the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee and her staff had been "extremely careless" in their handling of classified and sensitive information, Comey said, but not enough to prove they had acted with the criminal intent or willfulness needed to secure a conviction.
Government officials say the law requires proof of intent to publish false reports to secure a conviction.
