According to OECD estimates, the rate of return on "embodied R&D", ie, the purchases of R&D-intensive equipment, averaged 190% in the 1980s, up from 130% in the 1970s.
While crews repaired cable equipment, the utility asked customers to refrain from using appliances like washers, dryers "and other energy-intensive equipment," and to turn off lights when not needed.
And the big rise in oil prices over the past three years is in any case likely to clip potential output by making some energy-intensive equipment too expensive to use.In these unusually murky conditions the bank has started to worry more overtly about the rapid growth of the money supply, which increased on a broad measure (M4) by 14.5% in the year to September—the fastest rate since 1990.
"These spaces are three to five times more energy intensive than office areas due to energy-intensive equipment, around-the-clock operations, 100 percent outside-air requirements, and high airflow rates," Dilliott says.
Current cell disruption processes involve the use of energy-intensive equipment, high temperature (> 50 °C) treatments, organic solvents, or highly acidic or basic buffers that can potentially decrease product extractability (Wilken and Nikolov 2016).
Thus process intensification leads to more or less complex technologies that replace large, expensive, energy-intensive equipment or processes with ones that are smaller, less costly, more efficient plants, minimizing environmental impact, increasing safety and improving remote control and automation, or that combine multiple operations into a single apparatus or into fewer devices.
Too much money has been spent transporting and securitizing fuel-intensive equipment.
In contrast, standards for telecommunications companies' capital-intensive equipment incorporates its long-lived nature.
Industrial ecology mainly aims to reduce pollution by mobilizing advanced technology in animal production systems, which often entails buying in special capital-intensive equipment.
Take this simple example: a study led by consultant critical care nurse John Welch at UCL found that the pitch or tone of alarms on intensive care equipment has no relation to how urgent the situation is.
