Critics say that Singapore needs to shift faster from building cheap but resource-intensive concrete structures towards more expensive construction techniques that use, say, more steel and glass.Relying as it does on low-wage, low-skilled migrant workers from South Asia, Singapore's construction industry is not yet ready for such a high-tech transformation.
Substitution of cement in the mixture by less-energy-intensive hydraulic concrete additives is investigated regarding its influence on the concrete properties and its environmental impact parameters calculated for the different UHPC mixtures.
However, SHCC is composed of silica sand and a high volume of cement, which makes it more energy intensive than conventional concrete.
It is both an international collaboration and a labor-intensive species of concrete poetry, minutely composed but random, personal but unsentimental (Cotter).
Comparatively, the use of LLWP in place of fossil-intensive substitutes (steel, concrete, etc).
Studies show, for example, that substitution of CO2 and energy intensive materials (steel, alloys, concrete) by wood is associated with substantially lower emissions of CO2 [12 14].
Cement manufacturing is a very energy-intensive activity, and using concrete in applications where no one wants to use the product is unsustainable.
In this paper, a concrete data-intensive application scenario from a High-Energy Physics experiment comprising a deployment selection challenge is introduced.
The construction industry's focus on energy-intensive manufacturing, dominated by concrete and steel, should be replaced by alternative materials.
