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(51) So if the length and diameter of a nanorod were both reduced by a factor of 2, Csca would be reduced by about a factor of 8. On the other hand, to maintain an adequate SNR of the collected spectra, the intensity of the illumination source must be increased.
Despite the relatively low intensity of the illumination source and reduced absorption by the oxide films (as compared to UV illumination), a change in surface potential was observed for the ZnO N film as before, whereas no change was seen for the ZnO (Section S4 of the Supporting Information), indicating that the de-trapping process under white light was also more efficient on the ZnO N surface.
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When analysing the intensities of fluorescently conjugated hypoxia markers, an essential first step is the calibration of the illumination source, as has been previously described in detail (Jenkins et al, 2000).
The absorbance spectrum at each pixel is calculated by taking the logarithm of the ratio of reflected intensity from the sample (I S) to that from a reflectance standard (Specralon; Labsphere, Inc., USA) (I R): where I D is the 'dark intensity,' recorded at each pixel when the illumination source is switched off and accounts for any background signal from ambient light.
This weaker interaction of protein particles with the illumination source is directly observed by visual inspection of recorded images from MFI which show clear differences in intensity (transparency) between typical protein aggregates and the polystyrene reference beads (Table II).
A portion of this intensity is due to the dark signal inherent from the illumination source and camera, which we write as I dark,x,y,λ.
The illumination source was a 100-W mercury arc lamp.
A mercury lamp was used as the illumination source.
This function takes into account the gray-level value for the intensity of the illumination system.
The noise level increases proportionally to the intensity of the illumination.
Similarly, the maximum intensity of the illumination at different z planes decreased quicker for smaller diameter apertures.
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